When you’re managing HIV medication, prescribed drugs that suppress the virus and help the immune system recover. Also known as antiretrovirals, these drugs are life-changing—but they don’t just work inside your bloodstream. They also touch your mouth. Many people on HIV treatment notice dry mouth, gum swelling, or unusual sores. That’s not just bad luck. It’s a direct result of how these drugs interact with your oral environment.
Your dental care, the routine and professional practices that keep your teeth and gums healthy. Also known as oral hygiene, it becomes even more critical when you’re on long-term HIV therapy. Some antiretrovirals reduce saliva flow, which normally washes away bacteria and neutralizes acids. Less saliva means more cavities, more gum disease, and a higher chance of fungal infections like thrush. You might also see bone loss around teeth or painful mouth ulcers. These aren’t side effects you should ignore—they’re signals that your dental routine needs an upgrade.
It’s not just about brushing harder. Certain HIV drugs, like Zidovudine, an older antiretroviral that can cause gum overgrowth and inflammation, have direct links to oral changes. Newer drugs are gentler, but they still affect your immune response in the mouth. That’s why regular checkups aren’t optional—they’re part of your treatment plan. Dentists who understand HIV can spot early signs of problems before they turn into serious issues. They know which painkillers are safe, which antibiotics to avoid, and how to adjust cleanings for your needs.
And it’s not just about the drugs. HIV itself weakens your body’s ability to fight off infections in the mouth. Combine that with medication side effects, and you’ve got a perfect storm. But here’s the good news: with the right care, you can keep your teeth strong and your mouth healthy. You don’t have to choose between controlling your virus and protecting your smile. The two go hand in hand.
Below, you’ll find real, practical guides on how specific HIV medications affect your oral health, what dental treatments are safest, and how to avoid common pitfalls. Whether you’re on Retrovir or a newer combo, there’s something here that applies to you.
Ritonavir can cause dry mouth, thrush, and gum problems. Learn practical steps to protect your teeth and gums while taking this HIV medication, including daily habits, what to avoid, and when to see your dentist.
